…et 2016;388:576-585). One-third of patients had a sustained improvement in EDSS score. There was one death. In the phase II HALT-MS trial, which also used high-dose immunosuppression followed by aHSCT, the rate of progression-free survival was 91.3% after a median follow-up of 62 months (range 12-72 months) (Nash et al. Neurology 2017;88:842-852). Moreover, 86.9% of patients were relapse-free and 86.3% had no disease activity on MRI at five years….

…ng T and B lymphocytes appear to be most important in early, active lesion formation and acute axonal degeneration, and play a comparatively lesser role in progressive MS (Machado-Santos et al. Brain 2018;141:2066-2082. Frischer et al. Brain 2009;132:1175-1189). This helps to explain the finding that therapeutic agents in RRMS that reduce circulating T and B lymphocyte counts in the periphery are less effective in SPMS and PPMS. This does not mean…

…reporting use of 5 or more medications (Frahm et al. Sci Rep 2019;9:3743; free full text at www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6403326/pdf/41598_2019_Article_40283.pdf). Most patients were currently taking a disease-modifying therapy (DMT) for MS. Other medications commonly used were gastrointestinal drugs, thrombosis prophylaxis drugs, osteoporosis drugs, antihypertensives and sedatives. The study population (n=306) comprised patients with CIS…