…rols. Smoking (51.7% vs 36.5%) and hypertension (33.9% vs 24.7%) were more common in MS patients compared to healthy controls. Overall, 49.9% of MS patients had 2 or more cardiovascular risk factors (vs. 36.0% of healthy controls); 18.8% had 3 or more CV risk factors (vs. 8.6%). In MS patients, hypertension and heart disease were associated with decreased grey-matter and cortical volumes; obesity was associated with increased T1 lesion volume; and…

…about who is at risk of early disease worsening. Therapeutic inertia may become less common once the risks of MS are better characterized, and the probabilities of long-term benefits and risks associated with different treatment approaches are better quantified. Comment Dr. Daniel Selchen: The concept of therapeutic inertia is very important for understanding treatment dynamics associated with current MS care. Treating MS was very simple until abo…

…nt drug (Zenopax); its approval in 1997 made it the first humanized MAb to come to market. Zenopax was discontinued in 2009. PDL began collaborating with Biogen in 2005 to develop daclizumab in MS. The deal was one of the assets of Facet Biotech, a spin-off company created by PDL, when it was purchased by AbbVie in 2010. Ozanimod A second announcement just prior to the Zinbryta withdrawal will also have an impact on MS therapeutics. Celgene Corp….

…ch remedies, such as bismuth subsalicylate or an H2 blocker. When asked to compare the side effect burden with DMF compared to injectable DMTs, 53% said the burden was less with DMF, 34% said it was about the same, and 13% said it was worse with DMF. A limitation of the survey was that respondents were self-selected DMF users. Prior MSology surveys have found that a majority of DMT-treated patients believe that their current therapy is the best tr…