Uric acid (UA) is the end product of purine metabolism in which adenosine, guanosine and inosine are broken down to form xanthine, which is converted to UA by xanthine oxidoreductase. In most mammals and other species, UA is further metabolized to allantoin by urate oxidase. In humans, a mutation to the UOx gene early in our evolution resulteprogred in an absence of functioning urate oxidase. In consequence, UA levels are as much as 10-fold higher in humans compared to other species (Alvarez-Lario & Macarron-Vicente. Rheumatology 2010;49:2010-2015).
Latest News
Lower zolpidem dosing advised
April 10, 2013The U.S. FDA has issued an advisory recommending a lower dose for products containing the hypnotic zolpidem, such as Ambien, Ambien CR, Edluar, and Zolpimist. In Canada, zolpidem is sold under the trade name Sublinox. Dosing for Intermezzo, a zolpidem formulation for middle-of-the-night awakening, is unaffected.
Alemtuzumab: phase III results
April 10, 2013The results of the phase III trials, CARE MS-I and CARE MS-II, show that alemtuzumab significantly reduces relapse rate by about 50% compared to interferon-beta-1a SC (Cohen et al. Lancet 2012; 380:1819-1828).
Disease activity-free rates at 1 and 2 years
March 23, 2013REPORT FROM THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF NEUROLOGY (AAN) ANNUAL MEETING, SAN DIEGO, CA, MARCH 16-23, 2013 – An emerging metric in MS research is the proportion of patients who are disease-activity free (DAF), defined as no relapses, no MRI activity (T2 or Gd+ T1 lesions) and no sustained EDSS progression. One of the first uses was an analysis of the AFFIRM dataset, which reported a two-year DAF rate of 37% with natalizumab versus 7% with placebo (Havrdova et al. Lancet Neurol 2009;8:254-260).