…Freedman et al. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2014;3:147-155; free full text at www.msard-journal.com/article/S2211-0348(13)00085-0/pdf). A pilot study of minocycline in MS (Zhang et al. Can J Neurol Sci 2008;35:185-191), and as add-on therapy to glatiramer acetate (Metz et al. Mult Scler 2009;15:1183-1194) have previously reported some benefits with the antibiotic, most notably in reducing inflammatory activity on MRI. Biotin is part of the B complex…

…ty had a significantly higher rate of subcortical grey-matter (GM) atrophy compared to healthy controls. Also important to long-term outcomes is the rate of brain volume loss, which is significantly higher in MS patients compared to age-matched controls. Accordingly, several authors have suggested a combined metric of NEDA + atrophy (NEDA-4) for predicting disability progression. The proposed cut-off value for percent brain volume change (PBVC) is…