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Effect of walking on cognitive function in Alzheimer’s disease

 

A new study of early-stage Alzheimer’s disease reports that sedentary patients show significant deterioration in MMSE total score compared to more active patients, and that walking on a regular basis appears to stabilize cognitive decline (Winchester et al. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2013;56:96-103). A total of 104 AD patients were followed over a 12-month period and categorized as Active or Sedentary based on Yale Physical Activity Survey scores.

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Active patients who walked more than two hours per week had significant improvement in MMSE scores whereas Sedendary patients had significant worsening of MMSE scores.

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Uric acid and Parkinson’s disease

 

Uric acid (UA) is the end product of purine metabolism in which adenosine, guanosine and inosine are broken down to form xanthine, which is converted to UA by xanthine oxidoreductase. In most mammals and other species, UA is further metabolized to allantoin by urate oxidase. In humans, a mutation to the UOx gene early in our evolution resulteprogred in an absence of functioning urate oxidase. In consequence, UA levels are as much as 10-fold higher in humans compared to other species (Alvarez-Lario & Macarron-Vicente. Rheumatology 2010;49:2010-2015).

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Lower zolpidem dosing advised

 

The U.S. FDA has issued an advisory recommending a lower dose for products containing the hypnotic zolpidem, such as Ambien, Ambien CR, Edluar, and Zolpimist. In Canada, zolpidem is sold under the trade name Sublinox. Dosing for Intermezzo, a zolpidem formulation for middle-of-the-night awakening, is unaffected.

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