…ntigens (e.g. EBV nuclear antigen 1 [EBNA-1], latent membrane protein [LMP]-1 and -2A). Interestingly, a lower EBNA-1 titre has been shown to be associated with an improved response to treatments such as natalizumab (Dominguez-Mozo et al. Sci Rep 2020;10:14244). At least one phase I trial of EBV-specific CD8+ treatment has already been completed and indicated some clinical benefit (Pender et al. JCI Insight 2018;3:e124714). However, the window of…

…ase duration – is a risk factor for SPMS (Cree et al. Neurology 2021;97:378-388). An analysis of the British Columbia MS database estimated that 25% of RRMS patients reached SPMS by age 45 years, or less than 11.4 years after MS symptom onset (Koch et al. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2010;81:1039-1043). Other studies have also reported SPMS onset around age 45 (Confavreux et al. Brain 2006;129[Pt 3]:595-605; Tutuncu 2013). The London group found…

…already received their third dose (https://globalnews.ca/news/8492863/covid-19-vaccine-and-booster-tracker-coronavirus-canada/). January 2022 saw the approval of the first in-home treatment for COVID-19. Paxlovid (nirmatrelvir + ritonavir) is an antiviral cocktail that reduced severe COVID outcomes by 89% versus placebo when administered within three days of symptom onset, according to the phase II/III EPIC-HR trial. However, the supply appears to…