REPORT FROM THE 25th CONGRESS OF THE ECTRIMS Dusseldorf, Germany, September 9-12, 2009 A majority of patients in the placebo arm of MS treatment trials report nocebo reactions, defined as the development of nonspecific adverse effects following administration of a placebo (Kennedy WP. Med World 1961; 95: 203-205), according to an analysis of 60 trials of disease-modifying drugs (Papadopoulos & Mitsikostas. ECTRIMS 2009).