Researchers in Chicago have conducted a phase I/II trial of autologous non-myeloablative hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT) in 21 relapsing-remitting MS patients (Burt et al. Lancet Neurol 2009; epublished January 29, 2009). All subjects had experienced >2 steroid-treated relapses or 1 relapse with Gd-enhancing lesions in the previous 12 months despite treatment with a beta-interferon.